FAAがリモートIDに関する規則及び有人上空・夜間飛行に関する規則を公表

米国航空局(FAA)が、2020年12月28日に、ドローンのリモートIDに関する規則(The Remote ID rule)及び有人上空・夜間飛行に関する規則(The Operations Over People and at Night rule)の最終版をFAAのHPにてプレスリリースの形で公表しており、WSJ、Reuters、Bloomberg等のメディアが報じています。

いずれも大部のもので、取りまとめに至るまで長期間を要しています。以下がFAAのプレスリリースの全文です(抜粋)。併せて、簡単なコメント(青字)を付してみました。

Press Release – U.S. Department of Transportation Issues Two Much-Anticipated Drone Rules to Advance Safety and Innovation in the United States
For Immediate Release

December 28, 2020
Contact: pressoffice@faa.gov

WASHINGTON — The U.S. Department of Transportation’s Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) today announced final rules for Unmanned Aircraft (UA), commonly known as drones. The new rules will require Remote Identification (Remote ID) of drones and allow operators of small drones to fly over people and at night under certain conditions. These rules come at a time when drones represent the fastest-growing segment in the entire transportation sector – with currently over 1.7 million drone registrations and 203,000 FAA-certificated remote pilots.

Remote ID will help mitigate risks associated with expanded drone operations, such as flights over people and at night, and both rules support technological and operational innovation and advancements.

※リモートIDの導入がリモートIDがドローンの更なる利用に係るリスク軽減に有用であること、今回の2つの規則がドローンの技術・運用のリノベーションに資するものであること

“These final rules carefully address safety, security and privacy concerns while advancing opportunities for innovation and utilization of drone technology,” said U.S. Secretary of Transportation Elaine L. Chao.

※安全性やプライバシーへの配慮

Remote ID (PDF) is a major step toward the full integration of drones into the national airspace system. Remote ID provides identification of drones in flight as well as the location of their control stations, providing crucial information to our national security agencies and law enforcement partners, and other officials charged with ensuring public safety. Airspace awareness reduces the risk of drone interference with other aircraft and people and property on the ground.

※リモートIDが、ドローンの、有人航空システムとの統合に資すること等

Equipping drones with Remote ID technology builds on previous steps taken by the FAA and the drone industry to integrate operations safely into the national airspace system. Part 107 of the federal aviation regulations currently prohibits covered drone operations over people and at night unless the operator obtains a waiver from the FAA. The new FAA regulations jointly provide increased flexibility to conduct certain small UAS without obtaining waiver.

“The new rules make way for the further integration of drones into our airspace by addressing safety and security concerns,” said FAA Administrator Steve Dickson. “They get us closer to the day when we will more routinely see drone operations such as the delivery of packages.”

The Remote ID rule (PDF) applies to all operators of drones that require FAA registration. There are three ways to comply with the operational requirements:

※リモートIDルールは、FAAに登録を要するドローンのオペレーター全てに適用され、以下3つのいずれかの対応を要する。

1. Operate a standard Remote ID drone that broadcasts identification and location information of the drone and control station;
※通常のリモートID

2. Operate a drone with a Remote ID broadcast module (may be a separate device attached to the drone), which broadcasts identification, location, and take-off information; or
※リモートID通信モジュール

3. Operate a drone without Remote ID but at specific FAA-recognized identification areas.
※リモートIDなし+FAAの個別確認

The Operations Over People and at Night rule (PDF) applies to Part 107 operators. The ability to fly over people and moving vehicles varies depending on the level of risk a small drone operation presents to people on the ground. Operations are permitted based on four categories, which can be found in the executive summary (PDF) accompanying the rule. Additionally, this rule allows for operations at night under certain conditions.

※有人上空飛行等ルールは(一定の要件を充足した)Part 107オペレーターに適用される。認められる有人上空飛行は、リスクに応じて、4つのカテゴリーをベースとして、認められる飛行の度合いが異なる。夜間飛行は一定の要件の下で認められる

The final rule requires that small drone operators have their remote pilot certificate and identification in their physical possession when operating, ready to present to authorities if needed. This rule also expands the class of authorities who may request these forms from a remote pilot. The final rule replaces the requirement to complete a recurrent test every 24 calendar months with the requirement to complete updated recurrent training that includes operating at night in identified subject areas.

Both rules will become effective 60 days after publication in the Federal Register. The Remote ID rule includes two compliance dates. Drone manufacturers will have 18 months to begin producing drones with Remote ID, with operators having an additional year to start using drones with Remote ID.

※両ルールはFederal Registerへの公布日から60日後の日に有効

(2021.1.6)

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